What is true regarding calicos and tortoiseshell cats?

Calico and tortoiseshell cats are predominantly female due to their genetic makeup, which is linked to the X chromosome. The coloration in these cats arises from the presence of two different color pigments, typically orange and black, which are usually expressed in female cats because they have two X chromosomes. In rare cases, male calico or tortoiseshell cats exist, but they are typically sterile. Therefore, it is accurate to say that calicos and tortoiseshell cats are predominantly queens, or female cats, as this is the norm for this specific coloration pattern.

This inherent trait also explains why the other options do not hold true in the same way. Male calico or tortoiseshell cats are very rare and not generally used for breeding due to sterility, making options related to male cats or breeding less relevant in the context of general statements about calicos and tortoiseshells.